Phytonutrients, or phytochemicals, are special plant nutrients that boost health and protect against disease. While there are many classes and types of phytonutrients, you should pay special attention to a few.

Anthocyanins

Anthocyanins are flavonoids that give fruits and vegetables a deep red, blue, or purple tone. They have been linked to the prevention of heart disease and cancer and may also improve cognitive function. Anthocyanins are found in berries, red grapes, purple eggplant, and red cabbage.

Carotenoids

Carotenoids are a group of phytochemicals with antioxidant activity that fight free radicals and reduce cell damage. Carotenoids can be found in carrots, collard greens, tomatoes, pumpkins, and cantaloupe.

Catechin

Catechins are flavonols linked to a reduced risk of heart disease, stroke, and some cancers. This flavanol may also help lower blood cholesterol. Catechins are most often associated with tea but can also be found in coffee and chocolate.

Quercetin

Quercetin is a flavonoid that acts as an antioxidant with anti-inflammatory properties. Research shows it may help protect against heart disease and cancer. Its anti-inflammatory properties may also help reduce the symptoms of allergies. Quercetin is found in apples, berries, citrus fruits, onions, olive oil, and parsley.

Sulfides

Sulfides are a group of sulfur-containing compounds responsible for the pungent flavor of some foods. Research has linked these compounds to better blood pressure control and a decrease in LDL (bad) cholesterol. Sulfides are found in allium vegetables such as garlic, onions, leeks, and scallions.

Sources

• Oregon State University Linus Pauling Institute - Carotenoids

Lori Rice, M.S., is a nutritional scientist and author with a passion for healthy cooking, exercise physiology, and food photography.